Pharaoh Ramesses the Great and Queen Nefertari Pharaoh Ramesses II the Great ruled ancient Egypt during the 19th dynasty (1292-1190 BCE). His reign was the second-longest in Egyptian history, lasting from 1279 to 1213 BCE. He assumed the throne in 1279 BC as a royal member of the Nineteenth Dynasty and ruled for 67 years. In Greek sources, Ramesses II was also known as Ozymandias, with the first half of the appellation deriving from Ramesses' regnal name, Usermaatre Setepenre, which means 'The Maat of Ra is mighty, Chosen of Ra'. He is also recognized as the Egyptian Empire's greatest, most renowned, and most dominating pharaoh. His successors and subsequent Egyptians are reported to have referred to him as the Great Ancestor. Ramesses II was a famous explorer, monarch, and warrior who conducted multiple military excursions to the Levant to reestablish Egyptian dominance over Canaan. He is also supposed to have conducted journeys south to Nubia, which are documented in
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